群里的一个套根号问题

陈洪葛 posted @ Feb 28, 2014 09:06:09 AM in 数学分析 , 990 阅读

设级数
\[ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2^{-n}a_{n+1}(a_{1}a_{2}\cdots a_{n}a_{n+1})^{-\frac{1}{2}}\]
收敛,证明数列
\[ x_{n}=\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}}\]
也收敛,这里$a_{1},a_{2},\cdots,a_{n},\cdots $为正实数。


证明:注意到$\{x_{n}\}$是单调递增的。而又有
\begin{align*}
&x_{n+1}-x_{n}\\
&=\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}}-\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}}\\
&=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}}-\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}} \right)\left(\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}}+\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}} \right)}{\left(\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}}+\sqrt{a_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}} \right)}\\
&<\frac{\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}-\sqrt{a_{2}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}}{2\sqrt{a_{1}}}\\
&<\frac{\sqrt{a_{3}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}-\sqrt{a_{3}+\cdots+\sqrt{a_{n}}}}{2\sqrt{a_{1}}\cdot 2\sqrt{a_{2}}}\\
&<\cdots\\
&<\frac{\sqrt{a_{n+1}}}{2^{n}\sqrt{a_{1}a_{2}\cdots a_{n}}}\\
&=\frac{a_{n+1}}{2^{n}\sqrt{a_{1}a_{2}\cdots a_{n+1}}}
\end{align*}
而由于级数收敛,所以数列$\{x_{n}\}$收敛。


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